Nursing Education Systems of Ireland and China Essay

Nursing Education Systems of Ireland and China - Essay Example In 1998, the Report by Ireland’s Commission on Nursing presented a strong argument for enhanced education of nurses. This paved way for initiation of a degree program in nursing in 2002 and improvement has been taking place since then (O’Dwyer, 2007). Unlike in Ireland where development of nursing education started in the 1970s, in China, nursing education started developing early, following the arrival of Western missionaries in the year 1842 (Xu, Xu, & Zhang, 2000). By the year 1915, the country had an examination framework for certification of professional nurses. This was followed by introduction of a bachelor’s nursing degree programme in 1920, which was the first of its kind in Asia (Smith, 2004). Significant development followed thereafter with establishment of a government-sponsored nursing school being established in 1930. Development of nursing education in China continued until the year 1949, when government was taken over by the Communist party. This led to the abolishment of all nursing education beyond the secondary level. The remnant programmes comprised of three year training courses, after nine years in primary and intermediate academic levels. However, after the collapse of the Communist party government in 1977, gradual improvements started taking place. Bachelor degree nursing education was re-introduced in 1983 and significant milestones have been attained by China ever since (Xu et al., 2000). Government and Nursing Organizations Just like in other nations, Ireland and China have both governmental and non-governmental organizations that work to ensure that nursing education is comprehensive and sustainable. For instance, in Ireland, it was an organization named Irish Matrons’ Association (IMA) that commissioned the original report regarding improvement of nursing education in 1970 (Joyce, 2000). There is also the Irish Nursing Board (INB), which further stimulated discourse regarding the future of Irish educatio n in the nursing profession. The Irish Practice Nurses Association (IPNA) has also contributed significantly to the growth of nursing education and practice. Other Irish organizations that have played a crucial role in recommending and advocating for advanced nursing education and practices include the Irish Nurses Organization (INO) and Psychiatric Nurses Association (PNA). The Irish government also collaborates with other member nations of the European Economic Community (EEC). It is this affiliation to the EEC which ensures that Ireland adheres to general nursing education guidelines and recognition of nurses’ qualifications among member states (O’Dwyer, 2007). Presently, the Chinese Nursing Association (CNA) is recognized as the principal professional body for nurses in the country. The organization unites, develops and promotes nursing in all aspects, including advocating for nurses’ workplace rights and education opportunities (Smith, 2004). The Chinese go vernment also collaborates with international bodies like the World Health Organization (WHO), Project Hope and Heart to Heart, among others to ensure that it works towards establishing comprehensive university education programs for nurses. These organizations ensure that Chinese nurses are well-equipped in terms of experience, prior learning and knowledge of treatment strategies specific to Chinese culture (Xu et al., 2000). Current System of Nursing Education It is rather evident that nursing educ

Capstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Capstone - Essay Example The products offered by the company primarily include micro turbine units, components, subassemblies and different types of machineries associated with it. Other types of accessories offered by the company include rotary gas compressors having digital controls, and various heat recovery equipments for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) applications. The stocks of Capstone are traded in NASDAQ with the ticker symbol "CPST" (Capstone Turbine Corporation, 2012a). This study entails about the detailed analysis of the internal and external environmental factors associated with Capstone Turbine Corporation. Based on the internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats experienced by the company some of the strategic recommendations have been provided in this study which could help it to compete effectively in the market and increase its profitability position. External Environmental Analysis The external environmental factors having an impact on the operational effective ness of Capstone have been analyzed in this section. The mission and vision of the company and its effectiveness on the overall success of the company have been analyzed. Porter’s Five Forces analysis tool has also been used to assess the impact of the various industrial factors affecting the company. Mission and Vision of the Company The mission and vision of the company is to become the leading producer of low emission micro turbine systems in the world (Capstone Turbine Corporation, 2012c). The primary stakeholders of the company include its employees, company management team, the suppliers, the consumers and the investors. The company has managed to utilize its available resources in an effective manner which is indicated through its increase in profitability in the recent years. Capstone management is committed towards the growth and expansion of the company. There has been a significant rise in the revenue generated by the company for the fiscal year 2012 as compared to the year 2011. There has been a consistent increase in revenue generation of the organization for the past 20 quarters. The growth strategies of Capstone are mainly designed to achieve profitability, increase cash flow generation and improve the gross margin of the company. The company is mainly focused on the reduction in costs through various energy efficient means. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Porter’s five forces model helps an organization to assess the competitive forces which exists within the industry (Hill & Jones, 2012, p. 49). The forces which help out in the process are named as a) threat of new entrants, b) threat from the substitute products or services, c) bargaining power of the suppliers, d) bargaining power of the consumers and finally e) competition within the industry (Society for Human Resource Management (U.S.), 2006, p.38-39). The five industrial forces having an impact on the industrial equipment industry in which Capstone operates its busines s activities is described below: a. Buyer Power: The industrial equipment industry can be adjudged to be highly fragmented in nature because it consists of many segments and sub-segments. Significant number of large and medium sized

The Baroque Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Baroque Era - Essay Example In particular, the various features of the Baroque style influenced my developing of interest in this type of art. Firstly, my interest in the style is due to its use of drama through contrasting dark-light effects in painting or film. Specifically, the drama in baroque style is full of exaggerated motion and clear details in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, and music interesting thus explaining my choosing of the style. That, according to (Carl & Charles 9), refer to the application of tenebrism technique in artistic language as evident in the Artemisia Gentileschi’s Judith Slaying of Holofernes painting. In the painting, Judith has a sterling, broad and masculine face and physique in a fantastic way (Allen n.p). That can be construed to mean women are strong independent beings and as such the society should not view them as weak and fragile. Secondly, Baroque is interesting in that it uses direct, obvious, and dramatic iconography that intends to appeal above all to the senses and the emotions (Old Masters Society n.p.). That when put into use helps in producing a very high-contrast, dramatic atmosphere in dimly lit scenes in paintings as evident in various paintings, That, as (Carl, & Charles 3-6) contend, is evident in the use of different technique like "chiaroscuro," (interplay between light and darkness on paint portraits) as in the case of Paul Rubens’ painting, "The Massacre of the Innocents". Thirdly, the Baroque style is interesting in its description of dark.

CASE ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CASE ANALYSIS - Essay Example Competitors were now offering better services that included pool services and karaoke services. The company was not providing such services. Regulation encompasses the three levels of government, which includes the federal, provincial, and municipal levels. Regulation can influence the business environment through the increase or decrease of the tax rate that affects the cost of doing business. The economy conditions were perfect at the inception of the business but later in the business life, the economy was in recess but still the company managed to make more profits in spite of the prevailing conditions. The survival was because of the market niche the company had cut for itself in addition to the competitive advantage they enjoyed. At the beginning of the business, social interactions were limited to offline. Internet was not well accessible by individuals at the commencement of the business. However, as years went on internet was accessible by a majority and the advent of social networks resulted in the diversification of interactions from offline to online. Fork and dagger had not included social network advertisement as a form of marketing, something that the competitors embraced. Businesses affect natural factors through pollution, which can be through noise, water, or air. In effect, companies’ day-to-day operations can present an ongoing risk to the natural environment. To diminish the likelihood of harm to the environment, businesses need to reconsider certain natural environmental features in their overall plans. Fork and dagger long time existence in the market even after other competitors had closed shop was due to the strengths they had. The quality of service offered was exemplary as there were outstanding services provided by the staff over the years. Cable television at the inception was unavailable in the bars around Struan. Therefore, this

Management Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Management Principles - Essay Example This leader is actively involved in coaching, training, directing and supervising the team members’ performance. The team leader appreciates and recognizes good performance on a regular basis. Moreover, he provides feedback to the people that do not perform well or achieve the required targets. This team leader reports to a manager. The manager provides targets and directs what tasks to be performed. Very often, the manager takes all decisions related to work and staff members. The monthly and yearly targets and goals are decided by the manager. Although the manager monitors the work, he is not proactive in appreciating or rewarding good performance. The manager holds all authority in distribution and control of stationery and other facilities related stuff. Keen observation reveals that the team leader follows situational leadership style, as proposed by Hersey and Blanchard (Schermerhorn, 2009). The team leader keeps changing his style according to the situation. For example , he trains and coaches team members on the job and continuously monitors and encourages so that they achieve the required targets. He appreciates those that achieve or exceed their performance targets. He also delegates extra responsibilities to the good performers so that they are motivated. He involves all team members in important discussions related to work and/or tasks assigned by the manager.

Reflecting my English Understanding in a rhetoric concept Essay

Reflecting my English Understanding in a rhetoric concept - Essay Example vironment and subsequently form hypothetical reasoning about these occurrences. Within various societal spheres people usually have different meanings with regard to information presented in piece of writing which most interestingly the author had not included or intended in his/her material. Without denial, I have been a thinker, but my interaction and exposure to the English 102 class has further improved my skills to be used analytically in any literary material. My enthusiasm have been shaped more as I constantly look into ‘why’ aspect of an author’s point of view rather than mere focusing on author’s meaning as portrayed in any material. A consistent quest for knowledge has therefore created in me as I look for more intended purposes of any material by placing myself in the author’s world. ... Moving from the past form of basic literary writing, I have developed throughout the various paradigms of this course from writing and presenting simple facts to building a sustained paper argument that examines a variety of paper complexities and adequate paper organization which since then played a critical role opening up and expanding my mental faculties. My earlier wrings during the process of this course has so been influenced by environmental degradation and related concerns from wider societal perspective. During this earlier period I presented the concept of rhetoric writing as I analyzed paintings by Mathias Duwel and his intentional messages. I had played my big part of analysis in presenting Duwel’s bibliography and dedicated my entire discussions on Duwel’s theoretical standpoint and its implications for the wider society. As I advanced from this stage during my course work, I still chose to look at environmental degradation concerns. Quite familiar with th is approach, I used this as an opportunity to look at the various subject matter complexities as presented by another piece of writing this time focusing on a Hawaii’s economic ambitions and balance with the sustainable manageable of the delicate environment. While registering the improvement I have so far gained in this class, I objectively look at the needs for economic development and environmental demands as opposed to my earlier writing where I would stick to biased sided argument in a paper. It has also become very easy for me to locate numerous authoritative journals and refer from various books has also significantly sharpened my skills in research. In the final

Stakeholder theory as an organisational management theory supports good corporate governance Essay Example for Free

Stakeholder theory as an organisational management theory supports good corporate governance Essay ‘Stakeholder Theory’ as an organisational management concept supports good Corporate Governance models. Discuss whether stakeholder theory assists in determining good corporate governance models for a company. The recent increase in awareness surrounding Corporate Governance partly arose from what was considered to be some of the ‘darkest days in business’ during the early 2000’s when numerous multi national corporations unexpectedly collapsed. People the world over were greatly effected by these events, which brought into question the role of good business practice in today’s society. Freeman’s (1984) seminal work â€Å"Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach† describes ‘Stakeholder Theory’ as a structure that supports effective Corporate Governance by way of protecting and looking after not just its shareholders, but all stakeholders that have a vested interest in the company. Central to the discipline of Corporate Governance is the ethical behaviour of corporations (Crane, 2004), ‘Stakeholder Theory’ is the most influential and popular theory to emerge thus far that addresses the role of ethics in business (Stark, 1994). This essay builds on the idea that ethics, business, sustainability, responsibility and the environment are no longer separate (Freeman et al., 2010) in today’s global business world. Critics of Stakeholder theory claim that the shareholder’s ability to gain maximum profits are compromised, however recent research has shown that by creating value in a responsible manner whilst taking all constituents into account actually leads to a more profitable company, whilst encouraging long term outcomes (Donaldson, 1995). Critics also claim that stakeholder’s interests are so varied its impossible to give equal fairness to all. Whilst it is impossible to make every stakeholder’s interest equal, three key areas are assessed to determine the attributes and relevence of each stakeholder within the company’s ethical codes; power, legitimacy and urgency (Wickham, 2009). The term ‘Stakeholder Theory’ whilst in use from the 1960’s was further developed by Edward Freeman in the 1980’s and has vastly grown in popularity in recent years. Stakeholders may include but are not limited to employees,  creditors, consumers, suppliers, whilst also incorporating the extrinsic interest of Governments, competitors, the community, environment and society at large (Buchholtz, 2012). Refer to figure 1. Fig 1. A firm and its stakeholders (Polonsky Michael, 1995). The Australian Stock Exchange Corporate Governance Council guidelines (Australian, 2007) identify’s eight key priciples relating to the rules, relationships, systems and processes within and by which authority is exercised and controlled in corporations. By applying the eight principles to monitor and assess risk, optimise performance, create value and provide accountability. ‘Stakeholder Theory’ addresses these principles by concentrating on the moral responsibilities of business organisations in terms of the scope of fiduciary obligations towards their stakeholders. Researchers from Bologna’s University set out to determine whether stakeholder management actions could bring strength to internal legitimacy, thereby creating better working conditions that lead to improved company competitiveness, developed by company employees (Longo, 2008). They began by conducting two surveys on the employees of a leading Italian agricultural company who had been implementing ‘Stakeholder Theory’ for many years and had received numerous awards in recognition for their processes. They were asked a multitude of questions surrounding their roles in the workplace, their feelings toward their colleagues, employers and their work environment in detail. The researchers were then able to define quantitative measures of the system of resources to determine the role of stakeholder policies in the development of the intangible resources (Longo, 2008). Those intangible resources being, â€Å"the capacity to motivate employees† (Donaldson, 1995), â€Å"the capacity to attract and keep professional and qualified personnel in the work market† (Turban, 1997), â€Å"the ability to develop internal and external company relationships† (Post, 2002). The results indicated that the companys social policies had a significant influence particularly when it came to trust, job satisfaction, networking and communication, ability to work in a group and low turnover propensity† (Longo, 2008). Since 1983 Herman Miller the furniture manufacturing company has incorporated an employee as stakeholder program, employees carefully monitor and know how their  roles contribute to the profitability. Employees review the numbers, particularly their EVA performances, an indication of their contributions to the long-term value of the company. â€Å"We are part of the company, we think and act for what’s best for the company, and we share in the fortunes of the business, like owners. We also work hard to understand our opportunities for long-term profitability and growth† (Miller, 2010). Effective corporate governance structures encourage companies to create value, through entrepreneurialism, innovation, development and exploration, and provide accountability and control systems commensurate with the risks involved (Australian, 2007). According to a study conducted by the University of Northern Iowa, effective stakeholder management results in transparent financial reporting (Mattingly, 2009). By ensuring that decision making processes are transparent and the organisation is accountable to all its stakeholders, the effect on financial performance is a direct result of stakeholders having an active role in organisation governance. Additionally, organisations that exhibit stronger commitments to both institutional and technical stakeholders are more conservative in their accounting practices, a direct function of responsive corporate governance (Mattingly, 2009). As part of UPS’s 2011 Sustainability Report, Chairman and CEO Scott Davis spoke of the company’s financial reporting, â€Å"We are disclosing more information than ever before†¦ this process spotlights which issues are at the nexus of UPS’s own business issues with those of external stakeholders, which helps guide us in the future toward creating more sustainable, longer lasting relationships (UPS, 2011). Businesses are contributing to society more than ever before, how they contribute and make decisions raises significant ethical issues, ‘business ethics’ can be said to begin where the law ends (Crane, 2004). Additionally, companies are having to look toward creating not only sustainable organistations but environmentally sound and socially responsible establishments (Wolfe, 2007). The controversial economist Milton Friedman once said, â€Å"the only social responsibility of business is to maximise profits† (Friedman, 1962) . This way of thinking is inline with traditional ‘Agency Theory’, where the manager’s only obligation is to shareholders  (Crane, 2004). However, there is inconsistency with this argument, from a legal perspective and an economic perspective. Firstly, it is simply naà ¯ve to say that the only group who has a legitimate interest in the corporation is the shareholder. There are a multitude of groups that hold a legitimate ‘stake’ in the corporation through legal binding contracts that stipulate certain rights and claims on the corporation (Crane, 2004). For example there is legislation in place that protects workers’ rights in relation to pay and conditions, therefore from an ethical point of view the corporation has an obligation to their employees (Freeman, 2008). Secondly, there are external ramifications when a corporation ceases to consider the broader implications of it stakeholders, for example if a corporation closes down one of its factories in a small community and lays off the employees, the effect on the community is widespread, from the local business owner who loses customers, public services being cut, in turn the whole community is effected (Freeman, 2008). Recognising that the stakeholders interests have intrinsic value (normative approach), it makes not only ethical sense, but economical sense that the company takes responsibility to meet the stakeholders needs (Argandona, 2007). At Fuji Xerox responsibility and responsiveness to stakeholders is a key driver to ensure long term to sustainability. Managing Director at Fuji Xerox Nick Kugenthiran says â€Å"We manage our sustainability performance across seven areas of accountability; Business profitability Longevity, Corporate Governance compliance, Satisfying Customers, Providing a responsible solution, engaging employees, influencing sustainability outcomes and minimizing environmental impact† (Fuji.Xerox, 2011). A transparent disclosure to their stakeholders is evident in their sustainability reporting, and ethics and integrity are key corporate values. Their strong commitment to corporate citizenship demands exemplary legal compliance at a minimum. â€Å"We are working to integrate sustainability more explicitly into our governance and planning frameworks, and see an opportunity to improve our approach to risk management† (Fuji.Xerox, 2011). More and more businesses are recognising and working toward a model that incorporates corporate social responsibilities, which encourages a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees,  communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere. Refer to figure 2 Fig 2. Carroll’s four-part model of corporate social responsibility (Crane, 2004). The critics of ‘Stakeholder Theory’ argue correctly that you cannot give all stakeholders equal interest in the business, however the process of ‘Stakeholder Analysis’ is applied as a means of systematically gathering and analyzing qualitative information to determine whose interests should be taken into account. When developing and/or implementing a policy or program, the qualities being assessed are Power, Legitimacy and Urgency, these qualities help distinguish and assign priority to the appropriate stakeholders for any given project (Winkler, 2009). Refer to Figure 3. This method best recommends how management can give due regard to the interests of those groups. In other words, it attempts to address the principle of â€Å"Who or What Really Counts† (Freeman, 1984). Figure 3. Salience Stakeholder Model (Hseih, 2009). In Conclusion ‘Stakeholder Theory’ assists in shaping good Corporate Governance by addressing the ethics of managing an organisation. The companies corporate strategies consider the interests of their stakeholders, groups and indivduals who can affect, or is affected by, the achievement of the organisation’s purpose (Freeman, 1984). Furthermore, businesses are now under more pressure to become sustainable, transparent, ethical, environmentally responsible organisations and the most effective orgainsational management approach is ‘Stakeholder Theory’. By utilising the ‘Stakeholder Analysis’ process, organisations are able to determine which stakeholders interest are a priority. Like many theory’s, Stakeholder theory is not without its flaws, additional research needs to be conducted along with further criticism in order for the theory to evolve and advance the way organisations carry out Business. By creating an holistic framework for which company’s govern and protect not only its shareholders, but the wider constituents of the organisation, namely the stakeholders (Mallin, 2004),  business and society are now forever intrinsically connected, and with ‘Stakeholder Theory’ continuing to take a larger role, businesses will be better off, ultimately society too. REFERENCES: ARGANDONA, A., AYUSO S. 2007. Responsible Corporate Governance: Towards a Stakeholder Board of Directors. Post Doctural Research Fellow. Professor of Economics, University of Navarra. AUSTRALIAN, S., EXCHANGE (ASX) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE COUNCIL. 2007. Coporate Governance Principles and Recommendations [Online]. Available: http://www.asxgroup.com.au/media/PDFs/cg_principles_recommendations_with_2010_amendments.pdf. BUCHHOLTZ, A., K. AND CARROLL, A, B. 2012. Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility Ethics, Sustainability and Stakeholder Management, Australia, Cengage Learning. CRANE, A., MATTEN, D. 2004. Business Ethics, United States, Oxford University Press. DONALDSON, T., LEE, E. PRESTON 1995. The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications The Academy of Management Review, 20, 65-91. FREEMAN, E., R; HARRIS, J. 2008. The Impossibility of the Seperation Thesis. Business Ethics Quarterly, 18, 541-548. FREEMAN, R. E. 1984. Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach, Pitman Boston. FREEMAN, R. E., HARRISON, J. S., WICKS, A. C., PARMAR, B. L. DE COLLE, S. 2010. Stakeholder Theory : The State of the Art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. FRIEDMAN, M. 1962. Capitalism and freedom, p.x1 FUJI.XEROX. 2011. Sustainability Report [Online]. Available: http://www.fxasustainability.com.au/2011/index.php. HSEIH, M. 2009. Human centric knowledge seeking strategies; stakeholder perspective. Journal of Knowledge Management, 13, 115-133. LONGO, M., MURA, M. 2008. Stakeholder management and human resources: development and implementation of a performance measurement system. Corporate Governance, 8, 191-213. MALLIN, C., A. 2004. Corporate Governance, United States, Oxford University Press. MATTINGLY, J., E., HARRAST, S., OLSEN, L. 2009. Governance implications of the effects of stakeholder management on financial reporting. Corporate Governance, 9, 271-282. MILLER, H. 2010. Herman Miller: A better world  report [Online]. POLONSKY MICHAEL, J. 1995. A stakeholder theory approach to designing marketing strategy. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 10, pp29-46. POST, J. E., PRESTON, L.E., SACHS, S. 2002. Redefining the Corporation: Stakeholder Management and Organisation al Wealth. STARK, A. 1994. Whats the matter with business ethics? Harvard Business Review, pg 38-48. TURBAN, D. B., GREENING, D.W. 1997. Corporate social performance and organisational attrativeness to prospective employees. The Academy of Management Journal, 40, 658-72. UPS. 2011. Logistics at the Core: Corporate Sustainability Report 2011 [Online]. Atlanta Georgia. Available: http://www.responsibility.ups.com/community/Static Files/sustainability/2011_UPS_CSR_Report.pdf. WICKHAM, M., WONG, T. 2009. Stakeholder Management Capability: Exploring the Strategic Management of Dissenting Stakeholder Groups. University of Tasmania. WINKLER, I. 2009. Stakeholder Salienc in Corporate Codes of Ethics [Online]. Available: http://ejbo.jyu.fi/pdf/ejbo_vol14_no1_pages_4-13.pdf [Accessed 1 14]. WOLFE, B., D., SHETH N, J., SISODIA, S R. 2007. Firms of Edearment: How world class companies profit from passion and purspose.